What is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? How To Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Actually, There are two types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Lung cancer often refers to NSCLC which represents 80% of cases with SCLC representing the other 20%. 

As I already said NSCLC is the most common of the two types of lung cancer. It can actually be further broken down into three types; Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma and Large Cell Carcinoma. 

1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma:- This type of NSCLC develops when the cells that line the airways start to grow in a rapid and uncontrollable way. It often spreads to other areas of the body quite easily because of the regular passage of fluids (blood and lymph) through the lungs.

2. Adenocarcinoma:- This type of NSCLC occurs when the mucus producing cells of the lungs start to grow rapidly and uncontrollably eventually leading to the formation of a tumour. It does not spread as easily as other forms of NSCLC and often stays localised.

3. Large Cell Carcinoma:- This type of NSCLC can develop in any area of the lung. It is different to the other types of NSCLC because the tumours that form lack the structure of typical cancerous cells. Large cell carcinoma generally grows more quickly and spreads more easily than any other type of non-small cell lung cancer.

The majority of non-small cell lung cancers are caused by smoking. Smokers are believed to be 10 times more likely to contract NSCLC than non-smokers whilst heavy smokers are thought to be up to 40 times more likely to develop this type of cancer. However, there are other risk factors including exposure to asbestos, radon and even inherited faulty genes.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatments

Although this condition is potentially fatal there are a number of treatments that can be used depending on how advanced the cancer has become. Here we will be discussing three of these non-small cell lung cancer treatments.

1. Surgery:- Surgery is normally used to treat cancers that have not spread beyond the lungs. There are two main types of surgery that are used to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Where possible one of the lobes of the lung is removed in a surgical process called a lobectomy. However, if the cancer has spread beyond the lobe then the entire lung may have to be removed in a process called a pneumonectomy.

2. Chemotherapy:- Chemotherapy involves using medications that kill cancer cells to treat the NSCLC. It is often used when the cancer has become more advanced and surgery is no longer a viable option. However, it may also be used before surgery (to shrink the cancer cells and make the procedure easier to perform) or after surgery (to kill off any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence). Unfortunately, chemotherapy is not a perfect treatment and has a number of unpleasant, associated side effects including feelings of sickness, a poor appetite and hair loss. However, in most cases these symptoms disappear when the course of chemotherapy ends.

3. Radiotherapy:- Radiotherapy involves using high doses of radiation to destroy cancerous cells. It can be either internal (where radioactive implants are placed inside the malignant cells) or external (where radioactive rays are aimed at the cancerous tumour from outside the body). Like chemotherapy, this type of non-small cell lung cancer treatment is normally used when the cancer has spread beyond the lungs and surgery is not possible. However, it may also be used pre and post surgery to make it easier to perform and reduce the chances of the NSCLC coming back.

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